1. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) asking him about the specified quantity (of water) that a dead one should be washed with. It was narrated that a junub should wash with six rotls of water, and a menstruating woman with nine rotls, so what would be the limit of water for a dead person to be washed with?
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘A dead should be washed until he would be pure inshallah.’
Abu Ja’far as-Saduq said, ‘This reply is with me among a collection of replies by his handwriting (peace be upon him) in a book.’
This reply shows that there is no limit in the water that a dead person should be washed with, but he should be washed until he becomes pure.
2. Ibrahim bin Mahziyar wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan (a.s.) asking him about offering prayer in (clothes dyed with) kermes and saying that his companions refrained from offering the prayer in it. Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘There is no problem in it at all, and praise be to Allah.’
3. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote To Imam Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.) asking him, ‘Some man died and he had ten days of qadha’ fasting that he had to perform before his death. He left two successors (children). Is it possible for each one of his successors to fast for five days?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘His elder successor is to fast for ten days, inshallah.’
4. Ibrahim bin Mahziyar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.): “O my master, your mawla Ali bin Mahziyar had recommended the hajj to be performed on behalf of him from (the revenue of) a garden…twenty dinars every years, and since the way of Basra was blocked, costs became doubled for people that twenty dinars were not enough (for the hajj). Some others of your mawlas recommended of two (performances of) hajj.’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘You make (the costs of) three seasons of hajj in two, inshallah the Almighty.’
5. Ali bin Muhammad al-Hudhayni wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) saying, ‘My cousin has recommended a hajj to be performed on behalf of him with fifteen dinars every year, and this is not enough. What do you order me to do?’
The imam (a.s.) replied to him, ‘You make (the costs of) two (seasons of) hajj in one. Allah is Aware of that.’
6. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.), ‘Is the witness of the executer of a dead person accepted when he claims that the dead person has a debt on some one if there is another reliable witness?’
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘If another reliable man witnesses with him, then the claimer has to take an oath.’
In replying to another letter like this, the imam (a.s.) said, ‘Yes, after taking an oath.’
7. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) saying, ‘Some man made a will to his children, some of whom are adults and some are young children. Is it possible for the adults to execute their father’s will and pay his debts before the young children come to age?’
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘Yes, the adults have to pay their father’s debt and not to delay it for that (until the others come to age).’
8. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.), ‘Some man guards caravans in frightening places without the permission of the ruler. They (the men of the caravans) agree with him to give him a certain amount. Is it permissible for him to take (wage) from them?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘If he hires himself for a specified wage, he can take his right, inshallah.’
9. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.), ‘Some one bought a house, and there was another house (floor) on this house. Would the upper house be included in the lower house?’
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘He could not possess except what he had bought with its limits and conditions, inshallah.’
The jurisprudents of the Twelver Shia gave a fatwa that if some one sold a house, its land, upper and lower building would be with it, except if the upper floor was independent in its entry and exit, because that might be a reason to exclude it from the sold house. They depended in this fatwa on this tradition.
10. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote to the imam, “Some man said to two men: ‘Bear witness that my house in the so-and–so place with all its limits and all the furniture in it is (sold) to so-and-so.’ It is not known what furniture there is in the house.”
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘It is alright if the buying has included all that, inshallah.’
11. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘Some man had some pieces of land in a village. It was time for him to go to Mecca (to perform the hajj). The village was somehow far from his house and he had no enough time to define the boundaries of his land. He defined the four boundaries of the village and said to the witness: ‘Bear witness that I have sold to so-and-so all the village whose boundaries are so-and-so.’ In fact, he just had some pieces of land in the village. Would that be right for the buyer or he would possess just a part from the village though the seller had acknowledged to him the whole village?’
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘It is not permissible for one to sell what he does not own, and the buyer can possess only what the seller owns.’
12. Muhammad bin al-Hasan wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) about a man who asked him to bear witness that he had bought a farm to another but he did not know the limits of the farm at the time when he asked him to witness. He said to him, ‘When they tell you the limits, you acknowledge them.’ Was it permissible for him to bear witness?
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘Yes, it was, and praise be to Allah.’
13. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘Some one took an oath that he would be free from Allah the Almighty or from the messenger of Allah, but then he broke his oath. What should his repentance and penance be?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘He should feed ten poor people with a mudd of food (about 750 gr.) for each, and pray Allah to forgive him.’
15. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘There is some woman whose husband has divorced her and he does not pay her the specified expenditure, though she is in need. Is it permissible for her to go out and spend the night out of her house to work and satisfy her need?’
Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘There is no objection to that if Allah knows that she is true (in her going out to work and satisfy her needs).’
A woman, who is divorced in revocable divorce, remains as one’s wife as long as she is still in the iddah. The husband must pay her expenditure and she must obey him. It is not permissible for her to get out of his house without his permission. However, if the husband does not spend on her, it is permissible for her to go out for work as Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) has said.
16. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘Some woman undergoes the iddah after the death of her husband. She is in need and has no one to spend on her. She works for people. Is it permissible for her, during her iddah, to get out and spend the night away from her house for work and necessary needs?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘There is no objection to that, inshallah.’
17. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.), ‘Some man made his will (to bequeath) for two persons. Is it permissible for one of them to do alone with a half of the inheritance and the other one with the other half?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘They should not contradict the dead one’s will and they should do as he has ordered them to do.’
If someone bequeaths to two persons, any of them should not do alone with the half of the inheritance, but they should discuss the matter together. Any of them has no right to do with the inheritance according to his own opinion only and without the permission of the other as the tradition says.
18. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.), ‘Some man willed to bequeath the third of his properties to his children that the share a female would be like the share of a male. Would the male have the shares of two females from the will?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘It is permissible for the dead one as he has willed.’
This tradition shows that a Muslim is free to do with the third of his properties as he likes. He can gift it with same shares to his male and female children, and he can give one more than the other. He can order the third of his properties to be spent on charitable organizations as well.
19. Sahl bin Ziyad al-Aadami wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘Some man had male and female children. He acknowledged that a farm would be for his children but he did not mention that it would be divided among them due to the shares and commands of Allah. Male and female children were the same in this will.’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘They should execute their father’s will as he had specified. If he did not specify anything, they would divide the inheritance according to the Book of Allah the Almighty, inshallah.’
20. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.),
‘Some man was the executor of someone who died. This executor appointed another one as the executor instead of him. Would this (second) man be obliged to execute the will of that man whose executor was that (first) man?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘He would be obliged to his right if he had some right with him (with the dead man), inshallah.’
This tradition shows that an executor is not permitted to ask another one to execute what he himself has been ordered to execute except when he has a right with the man of the will, and then he has the right to appoint another one to take his right back. Jurisprudents say that an executor has the right to appoint another executor after him if he has been permitted by the man of the will to do that.
21. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) asking him about entailment and what had been transmitted from his fathers (a.s.) about it. Imam Abu Muhammad (a.s.) replied, ‘Entailments should be dealt with as their owners have entailed them on, inshallah.’
22. Muhammad bin al-Hasan as-Saffar wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Ali (a.s.), ‘Some man died and left a grandson and a full brother. To whom would the inheritance be?’
The imam (a.s.) replied, ‘The inheritance would be for the closest one, inshallah.’